Nā Kumuhana AutoCAD - Mahele 1

MOKUNA 3: NĀ UNITA A ME KE KAUAKE

Ua haʻi mua mākou aia me Autocad hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā kaha kiʻi like ʻole, mai nā papa hana hoʻolālā o kahi hale holoʻokoʻa, i nā kiʻi hana o nā mīkini e like me ke ʻano o ka aila. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka pilikia o nā kikowaena o ke ana e koi ʻia e kahi kiʻi a i ʻole. ʻOiai he pakuhi hiki i nā mita, a i mau kilomita paha, e like me ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻāla ʻia kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻumi hapaʻumi o kahi milimita. I ka wā huli, ʻike mākou i nāʻokoʻa like ʻole o nā ʻāpana helu, e like me nā kenimika a me nā ʻāpana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana kūleʻa i ka hoʻohālikelike helu, no ka laʻana, 3.5 ″ ʻo ia ke hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano puʻupuʻu, e like me 3 ½ ”. Hiki i ka kuhi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kihi ʻokiʻoki (25.5 °), a i ʻole nā ​​minuke a i mau kekona (25 ° 30 ′).

Hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea a pau iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau loiloi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana me nā māhele o ke ana a me nā palapala kūpono no kēlā me kēia kiʻi. Ma ka mokuna e hiki mai ana, eʻike kākou pehea e koho ai i nā papahana o nā ana a me ka maopopo. E noʻonoʻo i ka manawa pehea e pilikia ai ka pilikia o nā ana i Autocad.

3.1 Units of measurement, ke kaha kiʻi

ʻO nā ʻāpana o ke ana a Autocad e paʻa ai he "kaulike kaha". ʻO ia hoʻi, inā e kaha mākou i kahi laina e ana i 10, a laila e ana ia i 10 kaha kaha. Hiki iā mākou ke kapa inoa iā lākou he "Autocad units", ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i kapa inoa ʻia ʻo ia. ʻEhia ka nui o nā ʻāpana kaha kiʻi he 10 i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo? Aia ia iā ʻoe: inā pono ʻoe e kaha i kahi laina e hōʻike ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka pā 10 mika, a laila 10 mau ʻāpana kaha kiʻi he 10 mika. ʻO ka laina ʻelua o nā ʻāpana kaha kiʻi 2.5 e hōʻike i kahi mamao o ʻelua a me ka hapa mika. Inā ʻoe e kahakiʻi i ka palapala ʻāina a hana i kahi ʻāpana alanui o 200 mau ʻāpana kaha kiʻi, aia iā ʻoe inā ʻo ia mau 200 he 200 mau kilomita. Inā makemake ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻāpana kaha kiʻi e like me hoʻokahi mika a laila makemake ʻoe e kaha i kahi laina o hoʻokahi kilomita, a laila ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka laina he 1000 mau ʻāpana kaha.

Loaʻa iā 2 nā hopena e noʻonoʻo ai: a) Hiki iāʻoe ke kahaki i kahi autocad me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā ana maoli o kāu mea. ʻO kahi'āpana maoli (millimeter, mita, aiʻole kilomita) e like nō ia me kahi pae huki. ʻO ka'ōlelo maʻalahi, hiki iā mākou ke huki i nā mea nui a nuiʻole.

b) Hiki i ke kaupona ke mālama i kahi kikoo o nā kūlana 16 ma hope o ka helu decimal. ʻOiai he mea kūpono ia e hoʻohana i kēiaʻike wale nō inā pono loa ia e pono ai ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kamepiula. No laila, eia ka lua o ka manaʻo e noʻonoʻoi: inā e kiʻi anaʻoe i ka hale o 25 mita kiʻekiʻe, a laila hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka mika like me kahi kiʻi kiʻi. Inā he nui nā kikowaena o kēlā hale, pono iāʻoe e hoʻohana i ka pololei o ka decimals 2, i hoʻokahi mika a meʻumikumamālima keneta ka 1.15 e kahakaha ai i nā pūnaewele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ināʻo kēlā hale, no kekahi kumu'ē aʻe, e pono ai kaʻike millimeter, a laila, e koiʻia nā'āpana decimal 3 no ka pololei. Hoʻokahi mika heʻumikumamālima mau mile kaʻewalu milimita ka 1.158 e kiʻi ai i nā keʻena.

Pehea e hoʻololi ai nā kiʻikuhi inā hoʻokumu mākou i mau pae hoʻohālike e like hoʻokahi kenimika me hoʻokahi laina kiko'ī? Ua pono, a laila, i hoʻokahi mika umikumamalima kenimika ewalu millimeters makemake 115.8 ka pahi huahelu. No laila, he mea pono wale nō ka hoʻoholo ponoʻana i kēia kaona. Conversely, ina ua olelo aku nei au ia lākou, kekahi kilomika o kekahi unuhi pa alima, a laila, i ka mamao ma luna makemake e 0.001158 unuhi i ka huahelu, e noi ana 6 kekimala wahi o waho e neʻe (e lawelawe kenimika a me millimeters i mea makemake ole e loa he mea hiki).

Mai ka luna ma luna iho nei ua hoʻoholo ka hoʻohololike i waena o nā māhele kiʻi a me nā ana o nā ana ma muli o nā pono o kāu kaha kiʻi a me ke kiko pono e pono aiʻoe e hana.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka pilikia o ka unahi e paʻi ʻia ai ke kaha kiʻi ma kekahi nui o ka pepa, he pilikia ʻē aʻe ia mai ka mea a mākou i hōʻike ai ma ʻaneʻi, no ka mea hiki ke "hoʻonui ʻia" ke kaha kiʻi ma hope e kūpono i nā nui like ʻole. pepa, pepa, e like me ka makou e hoike aku ai mahope. No laila, ʻaʻohe pili o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā "hui kiʻi" e like me "x ʻāpana o ke ana ʻana o ka mea" i ka pālākiō o ka paʻi ʻana, kahi pilikia a mākou e hoʻouka ai i ka manawa kūpono.

 

3.2 Kūlana Kuleana Cartesian

Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ʻoe, a i ʻole ua lohe paha ʻoe i ke kanaka ʻepekema Farani i ʻōlelo i ke kenekulia XNUMX, "Manaʻo wau, no laila ʻo wau nō"? ʻAe, ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo Rene Descartes i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke aʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo Analytic Geometry. Mai makaʻu ʻoe, ʻaʻole mākou e pili i ka makemakika me nā kiʻi Autocad, ʻōlelo wale mākou no ka mea ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻōnaehana no ka ʻike ʻana i nā kiko i kahi mokulele i ʻike ʻia ʻo Cartesian plane (ʻoiai inā ua loaʻa kēia mai kāna. inoa , e kapa ʻia ʻo "Descartesian plane" pololei?). ʻO ka mokulele Cartesian, i hana ʻia me kahi axis horizontal i kapa ʻia ʻo ke axis X a i ʻole abscissa axis a me kahi axis vertical i kapa ʻia ʻo ka axis Y a i ʻole ordinate axis, hiki ke ʻimi i ke kūlana kūʻokoʻa o kahi kiko me nā waiwai ʻelua.

ʻO ka māhele o ka mahele ma waena o ka axis X a me ka axis Y kahi i hānauʻia,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo kona mau kikowaenaʻo 0,0. ʻO nā helu ma ka X axis ma ka'ākau ka mea maikaʻi a me nā helu ma ka hema hemahema. ʻO nā kumukūʻai ma ka Y axis upwards mai ka helu o ka pilina mai ka maikaʻi a me ka lalo.

Aia kekahi axis kolu, e pili ana i nā axes X a me Y, i kapaʻia ka axis Z, kahi mākou e hoʻohana mua nei no ke kiʻiʻana iʻekolu kiʻi, akā e haʻalele mākou no ka manawa. E hoʻi mākou i ia i ka paukū e pili ana i ke kiʻi i ka 3D.

Ma Autocad hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi i kekahi kaʻanaʻana,ʻo nā mea me ka maikaʻiʻole o X a me Y, akāʻo ka mahele kiʻi kahi nui ma ka'āpana'ākau kiʻekiʻe, ma kahi aʻelua o X a me Y.

No laila, e kahakiʻi i ka laina me ka pololei loa, ua lawa ia e kuhikuhi i nā kikowaena o nā hopena hope o ke laina. An hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā wahi X = -65, Y = -50 (i loko o ke kolu o ka quadrant) a hiki i ka wahi mua a me ka X = 70, Y = 85 (i loko o ka quadrant mua) a hiki i ka lua o ka wahi.

E like me 'oe ke ike, ma luna o ka pale i ole hōʻike aliʻi mea laina ho i ka X a me āu iho Y, ka poe mākou manao ia i keia manawa pokole, akā, ma Autocad ina i manaoia na wahi e kikoo i ka laina pololei.

Ke hoʻokomo mākou i nā kumukūʻai o ke kikoowa X, Y i pili i ke kumu (0,0), a laila mākou e hoʻohana nei i nā coordinates Cartesian maʻamau.

E huki laina, rectangles, arcs 'ole kekahi' ē mea i loko o Autocad ke hōʻike i ka kāpae wahi o ka i koi 'wahi. I ke kumu o ke laina, no ka laʻana, o kona hoʻomakaʻana a me kona wahi hopena. Inā i ke kumu o ka p ÷ ai ua hoʻomanaʻo, ua hiki e kāinoa kekahi me ka pololei e haawi ana i ka kāpae wahi o ka-oaio? A, a laila, i ka waiwai o kou Radio. Ole me ka'īʻana i ka wā e kikokiko i nā wahi, ka mea mua cia ole, koe nae hoʻopili like i ka X (axis), a me ka lua o ka iho (axis) Y, i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e ka comma, a ua hopu hiki ana nā ma ka Windows kauoha laina paha ma ka pahu ke kāohi ikaika o nā palena, e like me kā mākou iʻike ai ma ka Mokuna 2.

Eia nō naʻe, ma kaʻoihana,ʻo ka hoʻoholoʻana i nā kūlana kūʻokoʻa he paʻakikī. No kēia kumu, aia kekahi mauʻano'ē aʻe e hōʻike i nā helu ma ka mokulele Cartesian ma Autocad, e like me nā mea eʻike houʻia aʻe.

3.3 Hoʻopālā pola kūpono

Loa Polar i hŘnń ia no hoi i like kūmole wahi i nā wahi o ke kumu, 'o ia hoʻi 0,0, akā, kahi hōʻike i ka X a me Y aiee o ka wahi, wale no ka mamao koi' ia i ke kumu a me ka huina. ua manaʻoʻia nā pana pua mai o ka X (axis) a counterclockwise i clockwise, i ka huina vertex coincides me ke kumu wahi.

I loko o ka Window Window a i ʻole nā ​​pahu hopu e pili ana i ka pākuhi, ke hilinaʻi nei inā ʻoe e hoʻohana nei i ka paʻa o ka parameter hōʻeuʻeu a i ʻole, e kuhikuhi ʻia nā kikowaena polar paʻa loa e like me ka mamao <angle; ʻo kahi laʻana, 7 <135, kahi mamao o 7 wae, ma ke kihi o 135 °.

E nānā i kēia manaʻo ma ka wikiō e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kikowaena pola pono loa.