E kiʻi i ka Mākū UTM o 1: 50,000 kiʻi mai kou'āina

ʻO ka 1: 50,000 mau pepa i ʻike nui ʻia i ka pepa paʻi kiʻi o nā ʻāina he nui, i kūkulu mua ʻia me Datum NAD27 no ʻAmelika. I kēia hihia ua hana wau iā lākou i WGS84; hewa ia e manaʻoʻiʻo hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ke kuhi ma ka neʻe ʻana i kahi vector e like me ka hana a kekahi poʻe no nā wahi liʻiliʻi.

Inā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo, ma mua o koʻu hoʻouka ʻana i nā ʻāpana, i kēia manawa ua hoʻouka au i nā ʻāpana like akā me ka mākia o 1:50 pepa, e wehewehe ana ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he 000:1 sheets no ka mea ʻo ia ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāina no ka paʻi ʻana. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka inoa kūpono no kēia kiʻi kiʻi he pepa 50,000'1” a 30′.

Hana ʻia kēia mau pepa mai nā hoʻonohonoho ʻāina a he 1'30” ka lōʻihi me ka 1' latitu, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau ʻāpana pololei e kūkulu i nā pio e pili ana mai ka equator i ko lākou hoʻokokoke ʻana i ke kia; Hōʻike kēia i loko o kahi ʻāpana ʻaʻohe vector hoʻokahi o kēia mau mea i like ke kihi o ka inclination.

'O kēia ke kumu i mau lau e e? Ieoaeunoai mai Leeuwerikplein, e nānā i kēia hana:

E ho ohana i ka pepa ha awina haumana ma ka welau akau o ka 14 wahi ma ka hema kapakai o Mexico ke kaha 26,696 mika lōʻihi ana ma ka ia hope, akā, ma luna o ka 'Akelanika' mokuna ana 26,171 mika, e like me ka panina i kiekie ae lakikū.

No kaʻu makahiki i hala aku nei he mea pono e hana ma kahi o ʻelua mau wahi i hiki ke wehewehe pehea kā lākou hana ma nā unahi palapala ʻāina. No laila, pono wau e huli i ka mea i loaʻa iaʻu i kēlā manawa; a maikaʻi loa ke ala.

E pili ana i ka reticle

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka GIS Manifold i hanaʻia i loko oʻelua wale nō mau kaupae:

1. E hana i ka hou, ahu iho

File / ho okumu i / unuhi

A laila hāʻawi mākou i ka projection, kaomi pololei ma ka "drawing", "assign projection", a koho iā UTM, zone 16, North.

2. Hana i hei

nānaina / Graticle

Koho au i ka mākia o ka ʻāpana 16, e hele ana mai ka longitude 84 a hiki i 90, waiho au iā ia ma ke ʻano ʻino ʻoiai aia ma ke komohana o Greenwich. A hiki i ka latitu, mai ka equator a no ko'u makemake ole e hoea i ka pou, koho au mai ka nul a i ka 72. Ma ka akau au e hoonoho ai i na manawa a pau a'u e makemake ai i ka mesh, oia ka nui o na lau 1. 50,000, ʻo kēia mau ana i koʻu hihia 1 '30" o ka longitude a me 1' o ka latitu: e kakau i 1'30" puunaue au i 1.5 me 60 he 0.25 degere a he 1/60 he 0.166667 degere.

Hāʻawi mai nō hoʻi iaʻu i ke koho e koho ai inā makemake au i nā (tile), nā kiko, nā kaulua ... koho au i nā laina

a laila kaomi au i ka pihi "create" a "ok"

Ke hana nei i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i kahi mea o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā lākou wānana. I ka manawa i hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻāpana UTM i Google Earth, pēlā ko lākou ʻano (hūnā i ka ʻāpana 16 kahi aʻu i hana mua ai.

Ma laila eʻikeʻoe i kēia:

• Aia ʻo Mekiko i nā wahi 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 a me 16.
• Guatemala a me El Salvador ma nā wahi 15 a me 16
• Honduras, Nicaragua a me Costa Rica ma nā wahi 16 a me 17,
• Panama ma nā'āpana 17 a me 18
• ʻO Colombia ma ka'āpana 17, 18 a me 19, me ka hōʻailona i loaʻa ma ka'ākau'ākau a me ka hemisphere hema,
• Peru i nā rohe 17, 18 a me 19,
• ʻO Bolivia ma nā'āpana 19, 20 a me 21,
• ʻO Argentina ma nā'āpana 18, 19, 20 a me 21,
• Chile ma nā'āpana 18 a me 19
• Brazil i nā 18 i ka 25 ma ka hemisphere hema a me ka 19 a hiki i ka 22 ma ka'ākau'ākau,
• Venezuela ma nā'āpana 18, 19, 20 a me 21
• Uruguay ma nāʻaoʻao 21 a me 22,
• Paraguay ma nā wahi 20 a me 21,
• 'Ekuakua ma nā wahi 17 a me 18.

Hōʻike kēia i nā paukū UTM me ka papa Europa like, mai ka'āpana 27 a hiki i ka zone 37; ʻO nā mea a pau ma ka'ākau'ākau.

Ināʻaʻole āu GIS Manifold, maʻaneʻi hiki iāʻoe ke lele i ka fainae kmz, kahi hiki iāʻoe ke wehe me ka Google Earth:

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Inā makemake ʻoe i nā zona āpau, i ka loulou aʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi faila i loaʻa nā ʻāpana UTM āpau. Nā ʻāpana:

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