Ka palapala pūnaewele kahiko o ka pūnaewele ma waena o nā meaʻoi loa loa o ka Mapihi 28-124

I loko o kāna puke hou loa i ka 28 leo -no ka malamaʻo Malaki a meʻApelila 2019- Ua hoʻonohoʻia ka makuka ma kaʻenehana'okena i nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka hālāwai IX Iberian ma nā Hōʻike'Ipili Spatial. I loko o ka kohoʻana o nā hua'ōleloʻepekemaʻehiku, i paʻiʻia ma loko o kēia puke pai e pili ana i kaʻoihana geoscientific, aia ma kahi oʻehā mau kumu i kū i waho, a mākou e wehewehe nei.

Palapala ─ina mea he oaoieei-scientific ka paʻi me 28 makahiki o ka moolelo e AIM ma ke kūkākūkā o ka noiʻi, nā papahana a me ka hana i hana ai i loko o ke kula o geomatics a me ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana e pili ana me ia, me ka maikai kākauʻana ma luna o kona palapala noi i loko o ke kula o kaʻike honua.

Ma ka manaʻo o ko mākou hoʻoponopono,ʻo nā mea i kohoʻia he mau mea kēia:

• Old maps palapala pūnaewele
• Keʻikepiliʻikepili no ke KeʻenaʻIke Hana'Āina (UTM-CSIC),
• Ka hoʻokōʻana i keʻano INSPIRE ma Diputación Foral de Álava
• KE INSPIRE Mana Manawa ma metadata,ʻikepili a me nā lawelawe: pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā papa hana hōʻoia a me nā hōʻailonaʻike.

1. ʻO ka pūnaewele pūnaewele puni honua

ʻO ia kekahi o nā'āpana o ka hoʻokolokoloʻana, i loaʻa ai ko mākou manaʻo ma ka nānāʻana i ke poʻo; i kākauʻia e Alvaro Bachiller, Carolina Soteres, a meʻehā mau mea kākau. 'Ōlelo nui ka papahana; eʻike i ka wā e hiki mai ana e pono kākou eʻike i ka mea i hanaʻia i ka wā i hala aku nei, pehea e pili pono ai i ka māhele'āina.

ʻO kēia papahana no ka paʻi ʻana o nā palapala ʻāina kahiko - i kapa ʻia ʻo La Cartoteca - i hoʻomaka ʻia ma 2008, a ke lawelawe ʻia nei e ka CNIG - National Center for Geographic Information, me ka hana pū ʻana me ka ʻOihana o ka Teritori o ka National Geographic Institute a me ka National Geographic Institute - IGN. ʻO ka mea hoihoi i ka hiki i nā ʻoihana i hōʻike ʻia i luna ke hōʻiliʻili i kahi nui o ka ʻike spatial o ka mōʻaukala mai ka makahiki XNUMX ma o ka hui e hana ana i ka Waihona Palapala ʻāina.

"Ka mōʻaukala palapala, kōkua hōʻike morphologies, kanu'ōiwi nā kūkulu mamua i ka ua a ianoiyuaa a ike, a hiki paha hou pōhaku puna Ka Ikepili, nā wānana waiwai o ka mea i hala aku, a, e noho i ka wa, aole hoi i heluia i aupuni hooilina."

ʻO kekahi o kēia mau palapala waiwai, e like me nā palapala ʻāina, nā palapala ʻāina, a me nā hoʻolālā topographic cadastral, hiki ke nīnau ʻia e ka haumāna, ka ʻoihana a me ka lehulehu amateur. Hoʻolako ʻia nā mea i luna e ka manaʻo o ka CNIG e hāʻawi i nā lawelawe palapala ʻāina pūnaewele - i nā kuʻina WMS - e lilo i waihona no kēia nui o ka ʻikepili.

Ma ka WMS, hiki iāʻoe ke komo i nā lawelawe he nui e like me:

• Pale Kilometer - nā kiʻikuhi kiʻi palapala kiʻi: me kahi pālākiō o 1: 2000. Ua laweʻia kēia puke moʻomanaʻo ma waena o 1861 a me 1870; e ka Luna Nui o ka Heluhelu - mua o ka IGN.
• Papahana:ʻO kēia mau papahana e hōʻike ana i nā palapala i kākauʻia ma waena o 1870 a me 1950, ma mua o ka kūkuluʻiaʻana o ka palapala palapala'āina ma ka 1: 50.000 pālākiō.
• Nā Papa Hana Hou o ka Palapala Kūhoho Kūhoho Kūwaho - MTN, i hanaʻia ma waena o nā lā o 1875 a me 1968. Aia kēiaʻoihana iʻelua mauʻano likeʻole o nā palapala kiko'ī:
  • nā minuke MTN i hanaʻia ma waena o 1915 a 1960,
  • ʻO ka papahana mua o ka MTN: i hakuʻia nā 4123, a hanaʻia mai 1975 a 2003.

Pili ka ʻikepili mokuna i ka pae pae ʻāina, eia nō naʻe, i ka hihia o nā kūlanakauhale nui a me ka mōʻaukala nui e like me Madrid, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka nui o ka ʻike pili a hāʻawi ʻia ia ma ka lawelawe palapala ʻāina like - WMS. ʻOkoʻa ʻokoʻa ka ʻike ma ka cartography moʻolelo o Madrid mai ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, aia kekahi ʻikepili e like me: Mancelli plan of Madrid, plan topographic of the Villa and Madrid court, Nicolás de Chalmadrier plan, geometric plan of Madrid, plan of Palapala ʻāina ʻāina ʻo Madrid a me Madrid

Ma kēiaʻatikala, hōʻike lākou i nā lawelawe'ē aʻe e pili ana i ka pūnaewele pūnaewele CNIG, e like me ka nīnau o nā hua'ōlelo, a me nāʻenehana i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻokumuʻana i kēia hana ma o ka moʻomeheu Orthophotography. ʻO kēiaʻoihana e hāʻawi ana iʻeonoʻano papahana no nā mea hoʻohana:

• ʻAmelika B:ʻOihana B kahi (1956 a me 1957),
• Interministerial flight: nā hana a ka Luna Nui o Sepania ma waena o 1976 a me 1986,
• Kahe o ka Mokupuni: 1 pākuhi: 18.000 ma waena o 1981 a me 1983,
• ʻO ka holoʻana o OLISTAT: hoʻolālāʻia e ka'Āhuhana o'Aihana mahiʻai, no nā māla olive ma waena o 1997 a me 1998,
• a me ka PNOA Pana: hiki ke uhiʻia ka honua āpau me ka pinepine o nā makahikiʻekolu,ʻo nāʻikepili wale nō mai 2004 a 2016 wale nō.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka luna, ma ka wahi, 'ano a me ka lā o ka hanaia'na o nā huahana ia i hōʻike pehea i Ua i ka lapaau ana i ka' ike, mahope mai, māhele 'ike ka launa pū hoʻi ma luna o 100 makahiki aku nei, pono e hoʻomākaukau ai kaʻina , ka loiloi a me ka pūnaewele e oi ke kino ma mua no ka oi kāu mau māhele ikepili. mea he kumu o keia hana ana i kēia mau palapala i ke 'ano o nā haumāna i ka' ikepili, e hele ma digitization kaʻina hana ma ka 'oihana photogrammetric a me georeferenced scan NineManga.com, pp No ka 400 a me 254 oi small- pālākiō No ka oi large- ka unahiʻole, pp a laila, waiho waho ma luna o kikowaena, CNIG, a e hoʻoholo e like me ka nui e inā e hoʻouna i ka WMS kikowaena a waiho waho ma ka pā hōkū mawaho.

Pono e'ōleloʻia aia nā mea kākau e wehewehe i keʻano o ka loiloi o ka pāhana i loko o nā makahiki i hala koke nei, mai kona weheʻana i ka lehulehu, e hōʻike ana i nāʻikepili e kuhikuhi ana: keʻano o ka kikowaena, ka helu o nā kipa, ka helu o nā noi, nā kiʻina (Gb) a me nā paepae i hōʻailona i kaʻikepili.

2. Keʻikepiliʻikepili no ke KeʻenaʻIke Hana'Āina (UTM-CSIC),

'ōmiko aʻilikai mahana: Ma kēia noiʻi, ma Juan Valderrama, Susana Tagarro, a me nā kākoʻo '-kākau, i ka hana o ka mokuna Hawaii Technology mea AIM e hoʻolako kino o ka moku'āina' ike no ka moana mau mea e like me ia i ho'ākāka '.

Kēia mokuna hanaʻia ka hoihoi 'hana, e like me ka mea i ka ohi a kālailai kaʻikepili i kēlā me kēia 24 hola, no laila mākou e kuhi ia translates i loko o kiʻekiʻe ka leo o kekahi ano no ka mea, o ka ha awina i loko o ka moana. Oihana o Science, HOU a me ke kulanui a - i loko o kēia hoʻokolokolo 'ana ua akamai loa? Aie? Aiiie i ka hoʻohana' ana o nāʻikepili ohi ia i loko o ke kula, a i laila, hoʻokō ', ua kālailai a me ka hoolilo ana i ka kālai'āina kino ua kahiāuli.

Hōʻike ka ʻatikala i nā hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻia o kahi Infrastructure Data Spatial Data for Oceanographic Vessels, ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia mahele e pono ai e hoʻokō i kēia pahuhopu, e like me: ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻoihana e hana i ka hui ohi, ke kālailai a me ka mālama ʻana o ka ʻikepili (physicochemical, biologists, geologists, a meteorologists paha), ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o metadata, nā papa kuhikuhina, ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi papa inoa o nā hoʻouka kaua - e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻikepili e pono ai no ka hanauna o ka huahana hope loa, nā pono polokalamu (i kēia Hihia Geonetwork)

3. Ka hoʻokōʻana i keʻano INSPIRE ma Diputación Foral de Álava

Kēia papahana i hanaʻia e Jorrín Abellán a Oscar Diego Alonso, ka ikaika nā i ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like o ka Magazine no keia buke, no laila, e hoʻomaka haawi kumu no ka nui o ke kūkulu a me ka manaʻo o māheleʻIkepili e? - SDI me ka hoihoi o ka mea, ua kaili puia aku la i ka hakaka o ka lōkahi.

Hōʻike lākou i nāʻano e like me keʻano o ka pae hoʻohālike o nā pūnaeweleʻike, he aha ka mea hana i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o kēia kaʻina hana, nā mea i pono e hoʻoholoʻia, nā pono o kēia holoʻokoʻa.

4. KE INSPIRE Mana Manawa ma metadata,ʻikepili a me nā lawelawe: pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā papa hana hōʻoia a me nā hōʻailonaʻike

Ka mea, o kekahi o nā nīnūnē e pili ana i ka mua kumuhana, i kākauʻia e Alejandro Salas Guinea a me Paula Rodrigo. He hoʻomaka ma emphasizing ana i ka oaoieei-lula a hooili, e hiki nae iloko ona waiwai 'ike no ka hōʻoia' interoperability oʻikepili, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo pono ai ua hōʻike no nā ikepili, metadata a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana e pili ana i ka hoopiha i ka poe pono a me ka efficient ma ka wehewehe.

ʻOi aku ka ʻatikala ma mua o ka hoihoi e hāʻawi i ka mea heluhelu i kahi manaʻo pehea e hoʻomaka ai me INSPIRE, e hoʻomaka me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ATS - nā papa hoʻāʻo abstract, kā lākou coding a me nā koi, e hoʻomau nei me ka ETS - nā papa hoʻāʻo e hoʻokō ʻia, nā hoʻokolohua hoʻomohala - Ke ho'āʻoʻana i ka ho'āʻoʻana, ka hoʻopiʻi ho'āʻo, a me ka pahu hōʻike ho'āʻo, a me nā hopena i loaʻa.

Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻike o nāʻatikala i'ōleloʻia ma mua,ʻo nā hana'ē aʻe e hoʻolahaʻia nei e kēia meka ma kēia puke, penei:

• ʻO Valencian Toponymic nomenclature
• ʻO Geolake Search (nā lā e hiki mai ana o ka IDE i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāna puke moʻolelo)
• Ma ke kūlana o nā inoa aupuni ma nā moku Balearic:ʻo Nomenclátor de Toponymy o Menorca a me ka inoaʻo Geographic Nomenclature o ka mokupuniʻo Balearic.

Ma keʻano mua, ua hoʻolaha lākou i ka Geobloggers ma kāna pukeʻelua, e mālamaʻia ma Iune o 2019; ʻO ka hopena e kākoʻo houʻiaʻo Geofumadas -ʻo ka manawa i ke kino.

No ka Palapala'āina

'O ka makasina Ka palapala'āina, he kūpana Hispanika i nā paʻi ʻepekema. Me 28 mau makahiki e hoʻolaha ana i nā hana a me ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka ʻāpana o nā kālaihonua, nā pono hana, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻikepili geospatial a me nā hanana nui e kū ana i kēia pōʻaiapili.

 "Mai ka 2013, ua wehewehe ka hui hoʻoponopono i kēia manawa i kahi laina hoʻolālā hou no MAPPING. Ua koho ʻia excelencia a me ka hanohano, ke kuhi nei ʻo ka makasina kekahi o nā waihona nui loa o ka ʻike a me ka nūhou i ka ʻoihana a me kahi loulou ma waena o nā ʻoihana pilikino, nā kula nui a me nā hui lehulehu e hoʻomohala i nā papahana, aʻo a hoʻolaha aku iā Geomatics a me kāna mau noi ma nā wahi like ʻole e hana i ka ʻepekema o ka honua. "

Paipai mākou e hele i ka pūnaewele o ka puke Ka palapala'āina, aia ma laila e hiki ai iā lākou ke komo i kā lākou puke paipalapala a pau.