Topocad oi ma mua o Topo, aole i ka ke CAD
ʻO TopoCAD kahi hopena paʻa akā ākea no ka ana ʻana, CAD kiʻi ʻana, a me ka hoʻolālā ʻenekinia; ʻoi aku kāna hana ma mua o ka mea i loko o kahi evolution i lawe iā ia ma mua o 15 mau makahiki ma hope o kona hānau ʻana ma Suedena. I kēia manawa ua pāhola ʻia a puni ka honua, ma nā ʻōlelo he 12 a me nā ʻāina he 70, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kahi ʻāpana mākeke kiʻekiʻe.
'O TopoCAD ka hua'ōlelo hua'ōlelo o ka hui 
Chaos Pūnaehana, me RhinoCeros pū kekahi, kahi papahana no ka hoʻohālikelike 3D, ikaika akā ʻaʻole me ka nui o ka kamaʻilio e pili ana (kēia manawa). Eia kekahi 'O Chaos Desktop, kahi luna palapala, e like me ka hana a ProjectWise. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka hana, me ka hoʻopili ʻana iā Microsoft Outlook a me nā pono e hoʻopili i nā palapala a me nā metadata; no nā huahana TopoCAD loaʻa kahi mea nānā, ʻoiai nā hiʻohiʻona e like me dgn, dxf a me dwg hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he kiʻi.
TopCAD
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoponopono Chaos, ma o TopoCAD maikaʻi loa, no ka meaʻaʻole i pōkole kona inoa; Loaʻa kona mau kikowaena mai kaʻike, ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana, ka unuhi CAD, ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka GIS, ka hoʻolālāʻenehana a me ke kelepuni e hoʻopauʻia i ka hiki ke hoʻouna i kaʻike i ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu.
E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, loaʻa kahi laina i kahi mana heluhelu, me kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i kahi plus e lawe mai a lawe aku i nā ʻano dwg / dxf a i ʻole e launa pū me nā mea hana anamanaʻo. ʻO ke koena he pae waena, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā pūʻulu ma waena o ka topografia a me ka hoʻolālā a i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kū kaʻawale e ʻono ai, e like me nā hana i hoʻokumu pono ʻia i ke k modelkohu.
Mai ke kahua a hiki i ka pakuhi: Topography / CAD. ʻO ka pūʻulu i kapa ʻia ʻo TopoCAD Base me COGO, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui i nā pono loiloi, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hoʻoponopono i hala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana o nā pahu liʻiliʻi loa. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina (DTM a me TIN), 
me nā mea a kāu mau hopena e hōʻike ai, e like me nā laina contour, profiles, calculations volume and cross section (ʻaʻole ka hoʻolālā). Ma ke ʻano he mea hana CAD aia iā ia nā mea āpau āu e noi ai, me nā kauoha kūkulu kikoʻī, hiki ke kāhea i nā kūmole a lawe mai paha i nā mana maʻamau e like me dwg, dxf, dgn, landXML a me nā faila kinona. Eia nō naʻe ma ke ʻano he top format, hiki iā ia ke lawelawe i nā ʻano he nui i loko o ka palapala ʻāina like, like me XM o Bentley Palapala'āina. ʻO ke kumu haʻahaʻa hoʻi ka mea heluhelu o nā papahana (ka pepa) a me ka mea heluhelu i nāʻano o kaʻikepili pūnaewele a iʻole metadatona o Chaos Desktop.
Mai ka pākuhi i ka Database: GIS / Maps. Kūpono ia ʻaʻole ka maʻalahi ka papa kiʻekiʻe o luna me nā ʻano, akā mālama ʻia kāna xml schema i ka ʻikepili a laila hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia i kahi ArcGIS mxd, e hoʻohuli ana i nā papa a me nā ʻano e like me ka mea e ʻike ʻia ma TopoCAD. Hiki iā ia ke launa pū me nā pūnaewele ma o ArcSDE.
Oe ke mea hoʻolilo i na hulu e like me KML, Mapinfo a māhele hōkeoʻikepili. Nei ka FDO hūlili e pāʻani aku me nāʻikepili ma hamama mau hae e like me MySQL, PostGIS, kahi e'ōlelo ai, HI SQL Kuʻia māhele, SQLite, ESRI ArcSDE, SDF (Autodesk MapGuide), ESRI SHP, ODBC, WFS, WMS, GDAL (GeospatialʻIkepili ee Abstraction Library) (Raster), OGR (maʻi lele waihona: shp, gml, DGN, KML, mapinfo etc.).
Mai ka Papalihi e Plotter: Nā palapala / Maps. Loaʻa iā ia ka mana hiki ke hana i nā papahana, i kapaʻia he pepa, me nā papa heluʻikepili i unuhiʻia mai nāʻano. 
ʻO nā mea Vector, nā laina a me nā kiʻi, nā mea ikaika, kahi e hiki ai ke hana ʻia mai ka hoʻonohonoho, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo i ke k inkohu mai ka hoʻonohonoho me ka ʻole o ka huli nui. Kākoʻo i ka hana ʻano sketch, me he mea lā e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻono artistic ma kahi huahana hope loa.
Mai ke kele i ka Design: Engineering. 
Aia pū me nā pono no ka hoʻolālā alanui geometric, e like me ka 3D Kivila a i ʻole nā hoʻokūkū e makemake ai. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi mea no ke alahao, ke ana, ka paipu, auwai a me ka hoʻolālā levee.
'O ke ala e lawelawe'ia ai ka'ikepili, e like me nā hi'ohi'ona i'oi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka mea ma'amau, aia ka pilina me nā ala like me ka mea kanu a me ka hana i hana'ia.
Mai ka Hoʻolālāʻana i ka Wahi: Kāpili / Stakeout. 
Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka ʻikepili o kahi hoʻolālā i nā faile i hiki i ke kikowaena pūnaewele a i ʻole GPS ke hoʻohana e hana ai. ʻAʻole ia he mea i hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻikepili i UTM ma ka lawe ʻia mai, a laila hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻonohonoho kuhikuhina e hōʻalo ai i nā pohō ma muli o nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻolālā. A laila hiki ke hana hou i kēia pōʻai hou a pinepine.
ka hopena
Ma ka laulā, ʻike wau i kahi mea hana hoihoi. ʻO kahi CAD me nā hiki no ka palapala ʻana, hoʻolālā a me ka launa pū ʻana me ka palapala ʻāina. Hoʻomaka ke kumu kumu ma kahi o $ 1,500, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia.
Ma'ane'i hiki iā'oe ke ki'i 'O kahi ho'ā'o o TopoCAD
'Ae, he polokalamu maika'i loa ia.
Maikaʻi loa ʻaʻohe mea kūʻai aku ma ʻAmelika. Ma ʻEulopa a me ka Hikina Waena kahi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, e like me kāna ʻaoʻao kūʻai.
http://adtollo.se/en/company/resellers/
He mea hoihoi ia no kāna noi ʻana i ka hana ʻenekini, makemake wau e aʻo e pili ana i kēia papahana akā ma Peru ʻaʻole lākou e kuhikuhi e pili ana i kēia polokalamu no ka mea hiki iaʻu ke kiʻi hou aku i ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia
'O José Carlos
ʻO wau nō Geogafo, au ao aku, au puka 'o ia 1981, a iloko o koʻu ao, i kēia mau papahana i ole nei me oe maikaʻi kēia i keia la.
I makemake makemake e ia e nānā i kēia polokalamu, a me nā mea a pau kona palapala noi, me ka kapu, e aʻo kona pono pū nō ia, palapala noi, etc., a, e hoohalike ia lakou me ka like papahana'ē aʻe. No laila, e hāʻawi aku i nā lālā o ka papa, i ka oukou mea i ike i ka hoʻononiakahi mau hana, e kōkua i ka maikaʻi e aʻo ana, a me ka maikaʻi i ka aʻo manawa.
Mahalo iāʻoe i ka wā ma mua no ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka laulima āu e hiki ai ke hāʻawi i kēiaʻike.
ʻO ka mana aʻu e hoʻohana nei,ʻo iaʻo Topocad 7.2.1
Mahalo iā'oe!
He polokalamu maikaʻi wau i hoʻohana ai, he nui nā mea maikaʻi
Inā makemake kekahi e hāʻawi mai iaʻu eʻike wau
DCA
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻike i kekahi mau mea ma mua o hoʻokahi wale nō ...
Ma waho o lākou nā mea palekana
I manaʻo i loko o Portugal aole hoi he 'elele, akā, ma kēiaʻaoʻao oe ke ike mai nā'āinaʻEulopa' ē aʻe, ka pono ina e hiki ke hoʻokaʻaʻike ia
http://adtollo.se/
Aloha, makemake wau e kūʻai i nā polokalamu lakohana kahi hiki iaʻu ke kūʻai i Portugal?
Hiki iāʻoe keʻike e pili ana iā TopoCAD i kēia leka uila
Info@chaos.se
Good kakahiaka,ʻo wau nō loa hoihoi i loko o ke kūʻaiʻana i ka polokalamu, e hana ma ka surveying a me ka kivila ka hana 'enekinia, hiki o ka hoʻomakaʻia puke, kea pauku, manao o nā alanui a me nā kiʻi, e hana ana me kaʻaeto Point kaʻana like' ana ka leo no ka pono a me ka hoohanau contours ma Civilcad no kona māmā holo, i ka hana ana me kekahi mau Nokia, e hoʻoikaika i ka hana, akā, au makemake, e hana me ka kekahi e haawi mai iaʻu manao pono a me ka agility i loko o koʻu hana, au makemake e ike i kuai uku a me ke aloha no kou noonoo