Nā palapala ʻāina kuʻuna vrs. LiDAR. Ka pololei, ka manawa a me nā koina.

Hana paha i kahiʻoihana me LiDAR iʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o ka'ōnaehana kiʻi maʻamau? Inā ho'ēmi i ka manawa, i ka makahiki hea ka nui?

Ua loli maoli nā manawa. Hoʻomaopopo wau i ka wā i hele mai ai ʻo Felipe, he luna noiʻi nāna i hana i kaʻu hana ma ke kahua, me kahi puke puke 25 mau ʻaoʻao o nā ʻaoʻao keʻa e hana i nā palapala ʻāina. ʻAʻole wau i ola i ka manawa o ka interpolating ma ka pepa akā hoʻomanaʻo wau i ka hana ʻana me AutoCAD me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana iā Softdesk. No laila ua hoʻopili wau me Excel e ʻike i kahi mamao e waiho ai ke kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā kiʻekiʻe ʻelua, a ua kau ʻia kēia mau kiko ma nā papa o nā kala like ʻole a me nā pae, e hui pū me lākou me nā polyline i huli ʻia i mau ʻūlū.

ʻOiai pupule ka hana kuhina, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hana ma ke kula he ʻano kiʻi, inā makemake ʻoe e lawa i ka ʻikepili e hana i kahi hoʻohālikelike ʻoluʻolu ke hele hewa ʻole ka altimetry. A laila hele mai ʻo SoftDesk, ka mua o AutoCAD Civil3D nāna i hoʻomaʻalahi i ka ʻaha kuhina a ʻo Felipe kekahi o kaʻu papa e aʻo ana pehea e hoʻohana ai i kahi kikowaena, kahi e hoʻemi ai i ka manawa, hoʻonui i ka nui o nā kiko a ʻoiaʻiʻo ka pololei.

'O ke kahua Drones no ka ho'ohana aupuni haki i nā paradigms hou, ma lalo o ke kūlike: like me ke kūʻē i ka loli i nā ana ʻana i nā ana e ʻimi mau ana i ka hoʻemi kālā a me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pololei. No laila i kēia ʻatikala e kālailai mākou i nā kuhiakau ʻelua a mākou i lohe ai ma laila:

Kuhiakau 1: ʻO ke ana ʻana me LiDAR ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka manawa a me nā koina.

Hopena 2: ʻO ke kumuhana honua me LiDAR e alakaʻi i ka nalo ʻana o ke kikoʻī.

Ke ho'okolohua ho'okolohua

'O ka makasina POB ʻōnaehana i kahi hana i hana ʻia ai kahi hana i ka ana ʻikepili o kahi dike, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana maʻa mau ma kahi o 40 mau kilomita. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, i ka hana lua i kekahi mau lā ma hope mai ua hoʻomohala ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala ʻāina LiDAR ma kahi o 246 mau kilomita o ke kahawai like. ʻOiai ʻaʻole like nā ʻāpana i ka mamao, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻāpana like e hana i ka hoʻohālikelike ma lalo o nā kūlana like.

ʻO ke kūkala kiʻi maʻamau

Ua ʻākoakoa ʻia ka nānā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻāpana keʻa i kēlā me kēia 30 mika, i kūlike me nā kikowaena i kū ʻia. Lawe ʻia nā kiko transverse ma kahi mamao ma mua o 4 mika.

Ua kālai ʻia ka hana me nā kiko o ka pūnaewele geodetic, i hōʻoia ʻia me GPS geodetic ma nā koʻi, a mai kēia mau mea ua ana ʻia nā helu transversal me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana i nā kikowaena kūmole a me RTK. Pono pono e lawe i nā helu hou i ka pali kūikawā a me nā ʻano hoʻololi i nā pūnaewele e hōʻoia i ke kūlike o ka hoʻohālikelike kikohoʻe.

'O nā koena i koe ma waena o nā mea i'ike'ia a me nā ku'una i loa'a i ka GPS ua hō'ike'ia ma ka papa, e hō'oia'i'o ana 'O ka ho'oki'eki'e kūpono'ana he pololei loa.

'O ka'ike LiDAR

Ua hana ʻia kēia me kahi Unit Autonomous e lele ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 965 mika, me ka mānoanoa o 17.59 puan i kēlā me kēia mika mika. Ua loaʻa hou iā lākou he 26 mau māka mana i ʻike ʻia a kāʻei iā lākou e kūʻē i kahi 11 mau helu ʻē aʻe i heluhelu ʻia me GPS geodetic.

Me kēia mau helu 37 ua hana ʻia ka ʻikepili LiDAR. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pono ia mai ka lawe ʻia ʻana e ka UAV i lako me ka mea loaʻa GPS a kaohi ʻia e nā kahua kahua, loaʻa i nā manawa āpau i ka palena iki o 6 mau satellite ʻike ʻia a me kahi PDOP ma lalo o 3. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka mamao o ke kahua kahua ma mua o ka 20 kilomita.

Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pūʻulu o nā wahi kikoʻī hou he 65 e hōʻoia i ka pololei o ka ʻike LiDAR. E pili ana i kēia mau kiko, ua loaʻa nā kikoʻī kū aʻe i lalo:

Ma nā kūlanakauhale: 2.99 cm. (9 māka)

I kahi ākea a mauʻu mauʻu paha: 2.99 cm. (38 mau helu)

I ka nahele: 2.50 cm. (3 mau helu)

I nā ululāʻau a mauʻu kiʻekiʻe paha: 2.99 cm. (6 puan)

Hō'ike ka ki'i i ka'oko'a nui ma ka'ano ma'amau ma waena o nā helu i lawe'ia me LiDAR e kū'ē i nā'āpana'āpana i kaha'ia i nā'ōlū'ōma'oma'o.

Nā mea like'ole ma ke koho

ʻOi aku ka mea i loaʻa ma mua o ka hoihoi, kūlike ʻole i ke kuhiakau ʻaʻole i hiki ke ana LiDAR i ka kikoʻī o kahi ana maʻamau. ʻO nā mea aʻe he mau helu RMSE (Root mean square error), ʻo ia ka parameter hemahema ma waena o nā ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā wahi nānā kūmole.

'O nā'oko'a i ka manawa

Inā ua pihoihoi mākou i ka mea i luna nei, e nānā i ka mea i loa'a ma ke'ano o ka ho'ēmi manawa'ana i kahi ala like ma waena o ka'ao'ao LiDAR a me ka hana ma'amau:

'O ka'ikepili hō'ili'ili ma ka papa me LiDAR wale nō ka 8%.

• 'O 27% wale nō ka hana o ka 'ahahui.
• ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i ka manawa + o LiDAR mau keʻena minita e kū'ē i ka hōkeoʻikepili + Ka hale kuʻuna o kaʻahahui, LiDAR wale nō ka 19%.

No laila, ua ho'ēmiʻia nā hola o 123 i kēlā me kēia kilomita o ke kiʻikuhi maʻamau i nā hola 4 wale nō i ka mile.

Hoʻohui hou, inā i māheleʻia ka helu o nā puʻupuʻu i waena o ka manawa i pau i ka hopu a me ka hana o kaʻikena, ua loaʻa ka hanana maʻamau i nā 13.75 mau helu i kēlā me kēia hora, e kū'ē i 7.7 miliona mau helu i kēlā me kēia hola o LiDAR.

'O nā'oko'a i ka manawa

ʻO nā kumukūʻai o kēia mau pono hana hou, me kēia mau mea ʻike i ke kiʻi ʻana i kēlā nui o nā helu, e ʻōlelo ana he ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ka hana. Akā i ka hana, ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā manawa hoʻoliʻiliʻi a me nā lilo i hōʻike ʻia e ka palapala ʻāina maʻamau. ʻO ka hopena hope loa i ka mea kūʻai o ka 246 kilomita i huakaʻiʻia me LiDAR 71% haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka huina kālā a pau o nā 40 kilomita me ka hoʻolālā kiʻi maʻamau!

ʻAʻole paha e hiki ke mahalo, akā,ʻo ke kumukuai no ka mileline linear me LiDAR,ʻo 12 wale wale nō ka mea i kūlike i ka hoʻolālā likeʻole.

ka hopena

Hoʻololi ʻo LiDAR topography i kahi ʻāina ʻāina kuʻuna? ʻAʻole ma ka huina, ʻoiai hana mau ka hana me LiDAR i kekahi mau palapala ʻāina no nā helu kaohi, akā hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia me nā pono āpau o ke kumukūʻai, ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka manawa, hana ka hana me LiDAR i nā hopena me ka like o ke kikoʻī o ka palapala ʻāina. maʻa mau.

E loaʻa mau nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā hōʻino; ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka topographic maʻamau he nostalgic, akā ʻo nā pilikia o ke noi ʻana i ka ʻae e komo i nā waiwai pilikino, nā pilikia o ka wahi ma nā wahi kūpono ʻole, ka pono o nā hakahaka i mua o ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea keʻakeʻa ... he pupule. ʻOiaʻiʻo, lawe mai ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ulu lāʻau i kāna mau mea maikaʻi ʻole i ka hihia o LiDAR, ʻaʻole like lākou i nā palena pilina ma waena o nā papahana liʻiliʻi loa.

I ka hopena, ua hauʻoli mākou i kaʻikeʻana pehea i hoʻonuiʻia ai kaʻenehana a hiki i ka papahana no nā papahana nui e like me ka mea i ho'ālaʻia, pono e loaʻa ka manaʻo a me ka makemake e koho i nā ala hou a me nā hanana no ka hanaʻana i nā kiʻi.