Download Google Honua no ka mau mea i UTM

Aia i loko o kēia faile nā ​​ʻāpana UTM ma ka format kmz. I ka manawa i hoʻoiho ʻia pono ʻoe e wehe iā ia.

E hoʻopili i kahi faila maʻaneʻi

E hoʻopili i kahi faila maʻaneʻi

E like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ... hele mai nā kikowaena kikoʻī mai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka honua i nā ʻāpana e like me kā mākou makemake melele, ʻoki ʻia nā kuʻuna e nā meridians (i kapa ʻia ʻo longitude) a ʻo nā ʻokiʻoki i hana ʻia e nā mea like (a kapa ʻia nā latitude).

No ka helu'ana i nā latitudes he māhele ia o ka hoohalike,'ākau a hema paha, mai ka zero ai ka 90 degrees ma nā lā'au a'o kēia mau hapa'elua ua kapa'ia'o hemispheres.

I ke ʻano o nā longitude, hoʻomaka kēia e helu ʻia mai ka meridian Greenwich i kapa ʻia ʻo ka meridian zero i ka hikina, helu ʻia lākou a hiki i nā degere 180, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai kēia meridian like i ka honua (i kapa ʻia ʻo antemeridian), ua kapa ʻia kēia hapalua " Ka hikina". A laila kapa ʻia ka hapalua ʻē aʻe Komohana, ma ka W (komohana), hoʻomaka mau nā meridian mai Greenwich akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe mai zero a 180 kekelē.

Hiki ke ho'ohui i Sepania i ka 39 N a me ka 3 W mau lō'ihi, kahi laulima ma Peru e lilo i ka Latitude 10 S a me ka 74 W. lō'ihi.

ʻO kēia ala e hoʻoholo ai i nā kaulike ʻole e pili me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ʻoiai he vector ia e hoʻomaka ana mai ka waena o ka honua i ka papa, ʻo kēia ka wānana a Google Earth e hoʻohana ai, a ʻo kēia ke ala o nā hoʻonohonoho i hoʻohana ʻia e nā faila kml, a hoʻohui ʻia kahi spheroid kuhikuhi, ʻo ia ke ala e hoʻokokoke ai i ka ʻili o ka honua no nā ana ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻo Google iā WGS84 ma ke ʻano he spheroid (ʻoiai aia kekahi mau mea hana e ʻae iā ʻoe e komo i nā kikowaena UTM i loko o Google Earth). ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi ʻoi loa o kēia wānana, he kū hoʻokahi ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka ʻili o ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana i nā hana no ka helu ʻana i nā mamao a i ʻole nā ​​bearings ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā "kālaihonua".

Nā coordinena UTM

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kikowaena UTM i ka manaʻo o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kahi spheroid kūmole mai ka paukūʻolokaʻa Traverso de Mercator wanana. Hoʻokaʻawale mau ʻia ka honua e nā meridian, i nā ʻāpana o ʻeono kekelē e hana ana i kahi huina he 60, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau wahi. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka helu ʻana o kēia mau wahi mai ka antemeridian, mai ka ʻole a i ka 60 mai ke komohana a i ka hikina.

ʻO nā ʻāpana e hoʻoulu i nā mea like mai 84 S a 80 N, a helu ʻia me nā huapalapala mai C a X (ua kāpae ʻia ʻo "I" a me "O"), he 8 mau degere o ka latitu o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. koe wale no ka X nona na degere he 12.

Ho'ohana'ia ka A, B, Y, Z no nā pola keu; 'A'ole i ho'okomo'o Google i kēia māhele no ka mea he mea pono ia ka helu ho'opau'ole i kahi wahi hoihoi wale no nā pola pola).

Ma nā helu 60 a pau, he mau aniani 6 kēlā me kēia

• Kū'o Mexico i waena o nā 11 a me ka 16
• Honduras ma ka 16 a me kahi ma ka 17
• Peru ma waena o 17 a me 19
• Sepania ma waena o 29 a me 31.

ʻO ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka spheroid kuhikuhi i ka pae kai e hana ai ka arc e kēia mau laina i nā ana e like me ka maoli o ke ana kūloko. ʻO kēia spheroid kūmole, ma mua (i hoʻolaha ʻia ma Latin America) ʻo ia ka NAD27, i kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ākea ʻia ka NAD83, i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe he WGS84. Ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa ka grids o nā spheroids ʻelua.

No laila, he kime x e hoʻomaka ana i kahi, a ma ka hihia o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka palena ma waena o nā wahi 15 a me 16 he koina koina kokoke o 178,000 a piʻi i ka 820,000 a ʻoi aku paha. Ua like kēia laulā hoʻonohonoho no kēlā me kēia wahi, ma ka latitude like akā wehewehe mākou, ʻaʻole ia he grid orthogonal akā no nā ana ana kūloko, ʻano like ia. Ke pani nei nā palena ma waena o nā wahi, akā hoʻomaka nā mea āpau mai kahi axis kikowaena, kahi i loaʻa kahi meridian kū i kū ʻo 300,000 ka lōʻihi i ʻike ʻia ma ka inoa "hikina wahaheʻe", no laila ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a ma ka ʻākau hoʻi o kēia meridiana ʻaʻohe ʻāpana. maikaʻi ʻole
'O ka latitude (Y coordinate) e ho'omaka ana mai ka 0.00 ma ka equator a pi'i i ka pou'ākau a me nā pūnaewele kokoke i ka 9,300,000.

ʻO nā palapala'āina mākou iʻike no nā hanana cadastral, me nā kaulike 1: 10,000 a iʻole 1: 1,000 e puka mai mai ka mahele o kēia mahele, ma kahi ma hope e wehewehe ana i keʻano o ka hikiʻana o kēia māhele.

Geographic i hŘnń ia, e like me 16N 35W mea kū hoʻokahi, aka, i ka UTM i kahi kūlike me he X = 664,235 Y = 1,234,432 lākou, kekahi wahi hai hou ma 60 wahi o ka ia ka latitu, nā ma ka akau, a ma ka hema; Ua pono ka wahi, a no ka hoakaka hemisphere kahi mea a pau.